Elder Futhark Runes Alphabet

The Elder Futhark consists of 24 runes, the oldest form of the runic alphabet used by Germanic peoples.

ᚠ
Fehu
f
ᚢ
Uruz
u
ᚦ
Thurisaz
th
ᚨ
Ansuz
a
ᚱ
Raidho
r
ᚲ
Kaunan
k
ᚷ
Gebo
g
ᚹ
Wunjo
w
ᚺ
Hagalaz
h
ᚾ
Naudiz
n
ᛁ
Isaz
i
ᛃ
Jera
j
ᛇ
Eihwaz
ei
ᛈ
Pertho
p
ᛉ
Algiz
z
ᛊ
Sowilo
s
ᛏ
Tiwaz
t
ᛒ
Berkanan
b
ᛖ
Ehwaz
e
ᛗ
Mannaz
m
ᛚ
Laguz
l
ᛜ
Ingwaz
ng
ᛞ
Dagaz
d
ᛟ
Othala
o

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About the Elder Futhark Runes Alphabet

The Elder Futhark is the oldest form of the runic alphabet, consisting of 24 runes. It was used by Germanic peoples from around 150 to 800 CE. Each rune had both a phonetic value and symbolic meaning. Runes were carved on wood, stone, and metal for various purposes including inscriptions and divination.

History

The Elder Futhark developed around 150 CE, possibly influenced by Latin or Greek alphabets. It was used throughout Germanic-speaking areas until around 800 CE, when it evolved into Younger Futhark and Anglo-Saxon runes. The name "futhark" comes from the first six runes: F, U, Th, A, R, K.

Key Features

  • Written left to right or right to left
  • 24 runes
  • Used 150-800 CE
  • Each rune has symbolic meaning
  • Carved on various materials
  • Oldest runic alphabet